生物克隆和肿瘤研究展望

最近生物克隆羊的成功引起了世界性的关注，从生物工程角度看，无 疑是一项重大的突破。这一技术对生物学和医学实际和理论意义的前景，也必将逐日显现出来。生物克隆技术与肿瘤发生研究也有着密切关系。今浅谈几点个人对这一问题的感想供参考。一、生物克隆技术的意义在克隆羊技术获得成功后，最明显证明着两个重要问题。第一，把羊乳腺细胞核置入无核受精卵中，便可发育成新个体，说明在卵的细胞质中，存在着能诱发体细胞（SOInahcCell）核进入发育状态的信息或因子。这种信息不妨称之为全能始动表达信息（PleneqhohahngDevelopmentSle…     

放射线联合p53基因及内皮抑素治疗小鼠前列腺癌皮下移植瘤

Objective To test the hypothesis that p53 gene therapy combined with endostatin can enhance tumor response to radiation therapy of RM-1 mouse xenograft prostate cancer and to investigate its mechanism. Methods A mouse prostate cancer model was established. Then mice with xenograft tumor were randomly divided into group A (control), B (radiation), C (radiation and rAdp53), D (radiation and rh-endostatin) and E (radiation and rAdp53 and rh-endostatin). On day 1, rAdp53 was injected intra-tumorously with 1 × 1010 vp per animal to group C and E. From day 1 to 14, rh-endostatin was given 15 mg/kg intraperitoneally daily to group D and E. On day 4 single fraction of 15 Gy was given to tumors in groups B, C, D and E. Normal saline was injected intra-tumorously or intraperitoneaUy accordingly as control. No treatment was done to group A. Tumor volume was measured daily. Samples were collected on Days 5, 10 and 15. Ki67, CD31, p53 and VEGF were detected by means of immunohistochemistry. Results (1) Radiation alone, radiation combined with intra-tumorous injection of Adp53 and/or intraperitoneal injection of rh-endostatin resulted in tumor growth arrest of RM-1 cells in vivo (P = 0.000). Radiation combined with both rAdp53 and rh-endostatin was the most effective treatment (P < 0.05). (2) All the four treatment groups had a decreased expression of mutant type P53 (P = 0.000). The expression of Ki67 in groups B and C were equal (P 0.05) and increasing (P = 0.000), respectively. Group D had a up-down-up curve (P < 0.05), but group E had a up-down one. On day 5 the expresion of VEGF in group E was the lowest (P < 0.05). An increased expression of MVD compared with the control was shown, and MVD in groups C, D and E were always higher than that in the control (P < 0.05). Conclusions The limitation of radiotherapy could be overcome by combination with beth p53 gene therapy and endostatin on the growth of mouse prostate cancer cell. Radiation, rAdp53 and endostatin have their own role but they can be interacted with each other.     

益气补肾中药对多发性骨髓瘤患者外周血T细胞亚群的影响

多发性骨髓瘤患者伴有T细胞亚群的变化,化疗及放疗可加深对T_4细胞的抑制。本研究有助于了解益气补肾方配合化疗能否逆转骨髓瘤患者T细胞亚群的失平衡状态。临床资料 1990年8月～1993年3月在我院住院治疗的骨髓瘤患者20例(初治10例,复发3例,原单一化疗7例)。全部患者进入本组观察前未经系统中医治疗。本次采用益气补肾中药配合化疗的综合疗法。于治前、治后1～2个月及3个月以上分别检测T细胞亚群。15名健康医务人员为对照组。治疗方法益气补肾方由生黄芪、炒党参、细生地、女贞子、桑寄生、枸杞子、菟丝子、补骨脂、透骨草、骨碎补组成,每剂生药137g,每周服5剂,     

放射线联合p53基因及内皮抑素治疗小鼠前列腺癌皮下移植瘤

Objective To test the hypothesis that p53 gene therapy combined with endostatin can enhance tumor response to radiation therapy of RM-1 mouse xenograft prostate cancer and to investigate its mechanism. Methods A mouse prostate cancer model was established. Then mice with xenograft tumor were randomly divided into group A (control), B (radiation), C (radiation and rAdp53), D (radiation and rh-endostatin) and E (radiation and rAdp53 and rh-endostatin). On day 1, rAdp53 was injected intra-tumorously with 1 × 1010 vp per animal to group C and E. From day 1 to 14, rh-endostatin was given 15 mg/kg intraperitoneally daily to group D and E. On day 4 single fraction of 15 Gy was given to tumors in groups B, C, D and E. Normal saline was injected intra-tumorously or intraperitoneaUy accordingly as control. No treatment was done to group A. Tumor volume was measured daily. Samples were collected on Days 5, 10 and 15. Ki67, CD31, p53 and VEGF were detected by means of immunohistochemistry. Results (1) Radiation alone, radiation combined with intra-tumorous injection of Adp53 and/or intraperitoneal injection of rh-endostatin resulted in tumor growth arrest of RM-1 cells in vivo (P = 0.000). Radiation combined with both rAdp53 and rh-endostatin was the most effective treatment (P < 0.05). (2) All the four treatment groups had a decreased expression of mutant type P53 (P = 0.000). The expression of Ki67 in groups B and C were equal (P 0.05) and increasing (P = 0.000), respectively. Group D had a up-down-up curve (P < 0.05), but group E had a up-down one. On day 5 the expresion of VEGF in group E was the lowest (P < 0.05). An increased expression of MVD compared with the control was shown, and MVD in groups C, D and E were always higher than that in the control (P < 0.05). Conclusions The limitation of radiotherapy could be overcome by combination with beth p53 gene therapy and endostatin on the growth of mouse prostate cancer cell. Radiation, rAdp53 and endostatin have their own role but they can be interacted with each other.     

应用PCR技术获得人免疫球蛋白重链基因的扩增

人单克隆抗体在人体内应用的特点是,除无鼠源性单抗作为异种蛋白引起的过敏反应所需剂量低外;更重要的是,人单杭可能识别鼠单抗所不能识别的抗原决定簇。但由     

血管内皮生长因子和E26转录因子在乳腺癌中的表达及意义

目的 试图揭示血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）和E26转录因子（E26 transformation-specificl,ETS-1)在乳腺癌组织中的表达规律,探讨其在血管生成和肿瘤浸润转移中的作用机制。方法 应用原位杂交和免疫组织化学链霉素抗生物系－过氧化物酶复合物法（SP）法,检测48例乳腺癌组织中VEGF和ETS－1的mRNA和蛋白的表达。结果 乳腺癌细胞高表达VEGF mRNA和蛋白,阳性率分别为75％（36／48）,70．8％（34／48）,而血管内皮细胞几乎不表达;ETS－1既表达在乳腺癌细胞,也表达在血管内皮细胞。癌细胞中mRNA和蛋白表达阳性率分别为85．4％（41／48）,79．2％（38／48）;VEGF和ETS－1高表达组的血管密度明显高于低表达组（均P＜0．01）;VEGF和ETS－1的表达与组织学分级和淋巴结转移密切相关,并且高表达组的微血管密度明显高于低表达组（P＜0．01）。结论 VEGF和ETS－1可促进乳腺癌血管形成,同时也促进肿瘤的浸润和转移;检测VEGF和ETS－1的表达可做为乳腺癌恶性度,浸润转移等生物学行为的参考指标。     

促癌变剂对淋巴细胞核仁rRNA基因转录的活化作用——rDNA原位杂交荧光显示法

用原位杂交荧光显示法观察了人淋巴细胞在促癌变剂黄芫花提取物(WCE)和12-0-十四烷巳豆醇-13乙酸酯(TPA)处理后,间期核仁rDNA的定位与数量改变,并与丝裂原植物血细胞凝集素(PHA)的效应作了比较,同时用银染色法观察了核仁。对照组淋巴细胞核仁小,原位杂交的rDNA为少数明亮荧光斑和分散的荧光点。经促癌变剂WCE和TPA处理后,银染色的核仁增大,银染颗粒增多,表明rDNA转录活化。原位杂交证明rDNA信号数目明显扩增,许多荧光小点断续相连形成网织状结构,与PHA刺激核仁转录活化的表现一致。对核仁内所含银染颗粒和rDNA荧光斑点数均值的统计学分析表明,WCE、TPA和PHA各加药组均明显多于对照组。3个加药组之间无明显差别。提示两种促癌变剂皆具有刺激核仁rDNA扩增和转录活化的效应。     

抗癌抗生素C_(1027)与单克隆抗体偶联物抗胃癌作用的实验研究

抗癌抗生素C1027对体外培养的癌细胞有很强的杀伤作用,比常用的抗肿瘤药物如阿霉素等强10000倍以上,是一种新型高效“弹头”药物。我们用抗人胃癌单克隆抗体3H11与C1027交联,制成3H11-C1027偶联物。经检测该偶联物中3H11与C1027的分子比为1∶1.5。细胞ELISA结果表明。偶联物中3H11抗体活性保存良好,与游离3H11活性相似。克隆形成测定结果显示,     

经免疫重建制备的抗胃癌单克隆抗体A12

单克隆抗体(McAb)做为载体在定位诊断及导向治疗应用研究中至关重要。理想的McAb应能与绝大多数靶细胞呈阳性反应,以期减少相应抗原异质表达对靶向治疗的不利影响,同时与正常组织应较少反应,以减少非特异分布和副反应。本文采用SY86B人胃癌裸鼠模型及外源性BALB/c脾细胞免